Energy storage equipment in the power distribution room

Energy storage systems (ESSs) in the electric power networks can be provided by a variety of techniques and technologies.

In the past decade, energy storage systems (ESSs) as one of the structural units of the smart grids have experienced a rapid growth in both technical maturity and cost effectiveness. These devices propose diverse applications in the power systems especially in distribution networks.

In contrast, with the advancement of the high power and high energy density, high efficiency, environmental friendly and grid scale batteries, these devices are becoming one of the most potential storage technologies suitable for employment in the distribution networks.

In general, storage systems are categorized based on two factors namely storage medium (type of the energy stored) and storage (discharge) duration. In the first type classification, the ESSs are divided to mechanical, chemical, and electrical storage systems based on the form in which the energy is stored.

The pumped hydro, compressed air energy storage, and large-scale batteries belong to this category. Considering the long discharge duration and energy capacity, this type of storage is fitted to the long-term energy management applications such as energy arbitrage, congestion management, expansion deferral, and long term voltage control.

Then, the works are classified based on the used energy storage technologies and models, considered applications for the storage systems and associated objective functions, network modeling, solution methods, and uncertainty management of the problem. Each section is equipped with relevant future works for those who are interested in the field.